List of Abbreviations

ARIT Advanced raven intelligence test

APT The degree of aptness of metaphors produced in the topic writing

CFTMS Comprehension of the four different types of metaphorical sentences

CG Cognition group

COG Cognition

CTP Creative thinking practice

EFL English as a foreign language

ESP English for specific purposes

FLTL Foreign language teaching and learning

HCG High cognition group

HPG High proficiency group

H LG High language proficiency group

ICG Intermediate cognition group

ILG Intermediate language proficiency group

LCG Low cognition group

LG Language proficiency group

LLG Low language proficiency group

LP Language proficiency

LPG Low proficiency group

MAQ Meta-cognitive ability

METACOG Metacognition

MC Metaphor comprehension

MN The number of metaphors in the composition

MP Metaphor production

NOV The degree of novelty of metaphors produced in the topic writing

PDAN Production of density, aptness and novelty

PER Percentage

RLC Recognition of linguistic cues

SRC Sentence reading comprehension

SSF Sentence stem filling

TEM 4 Test for English Majors Grade Four

TSA The total score of aptness

TSV Total score of vocabulary

TW Topic writing

UDTM Understanding of different types of metaphor